Periodontics is a specialized branch of dentistry focused on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases affecting the gums and supporting structures of the teeth. The periodontium includes the gums, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone, all of which work together to keep teeth securely anchored in the mouth. Common periodontal conditions include gingivitis, characterized by gum inflammation, and the more severe periodontitis, which can lead to tooth loss if untreated. Periodontists use advanced techniques to manage these diseases and restore oral health.

Treatment in periodontics often involves deep cleaning procedures such as scaling and root planing to remove plaque and tartar buildup beneath the gum line. In more advanced cases, surgical interventions like flap surgery, bone grafts, or soft tissue grafts may be necessary to repair damaged tissues and regenerate lost bone. Periodontal therapy not only preserves teeth but also reduces the risk of systemic health issues linked to gum disease, including heart disease and diabetes.